Prostate cancer is a disease of the elderly, the vast majority of patients in the 60 ~ 72 years, in our country, the incidence is increasing.Clinical thought and hormones, genetic and dietary and other factors are closely related.Early prostate cancer usually have no particular symptoms, onset of symptoms associated with benign prostatic hyperplasia were similar, the doctor cannot distinguish from symptoms, sometimes two diseases exist at the same time. prostate cancer is usually divided into four types: 1, latent cancer, possibly with survival, it is difficult to find out.2, carcinoma, is generally benign prostatic hyperplasia prostate resection operation, by pathological examination, accidentally discovered prostate cancer.3, clinical cancer, shows a series of symptoms.4, occult cancer of advanced stage cancer, prostate cancer, not performance, often due to distant metastasis was found, such as the occurrence of pathological fractures Bone metastasis, lymphatic metastasis revealed swollen lymph nodes, the last confirmed primary lesions in the prostate. prostate-specific antigen (PSA) examination in diagnosis of significant progress, is helpful to the early diagnosis of prostate cancer.Transrectal ultrasonography is helpful for the understanding of prostate volume and shape, identification of suspicious lesions.Transrectal ultrasound guided prostate biopsy in prostate cancer diagnosis is the main method, has been widely adopted.MRI can show the envelope of the prostate, assist in the understanding of cancer has invaded envelope, whether the pelvic lymph node metastasis or bone metastasis.Radionuclide examination than conventional X ray ahead of 3 ~ 6 months found that the bone metastasis. prostate cancer treatments including transurethral resection, radical prostatectomy, radiotherapy, cryotherapy, endocrine therapy, combined therapy.Prostate cancer is sensitive to radiation, and radiation therapy has good curative effect, wide indication, treatment has little complications, available for each period in patients with.Early patients after radical radiotherapy, local control rate and 10 years of disease-free survival with radical operation similar to.Advanced cancer with radiotherapy and hormonal therapy, radiotherapy complications, including hemorrhagic cystitis, bladder fistula, urinary incontinence, rectal bleeding, lower extremity edema of scrotum and penis.PD therapy is the incorporation of radioactive substances after sealing, directly into the treated tissue inside the illuminant, to the treatment of localized prostate cancer, curative effect is more obvious, little trauma, for not implementing radical operation in elderly patients with. endocrine therapy in prostate cancer treatment plays an important location, treatment for late metastasis of patients or is unable to carry on radical resection and radiotherapy of early patient, also apply to the radical operation or radiotherapy in the adjuvant therapy and postoperative appearance of distant metastases or local recurrence.Common endocrine treatment method has the operation castrated, medical castration and estrogen.Operation of castration therapy can make the plasma testosterone rapidly decreased to the lowest point.Medical castration need every month in abdominal subcutaneous injection, testosterone will gradually decline, 3 ~ 4 weeks after reaching a nadir.Clinical observation indicates that, in operation, medical castration or estrogen treatment, tumor survival and progression-free survival rate is basically the same.After orchidectomy there will still be some from adrenal androgen.In recent years the usefulness of maximal androgen blockade therapy, that is with the antiandrogen drugs plus castration, the effect will be better than the simple castration.
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Source: http://distxiaaoa.com/post/prostate-cancer-diagnosis-and-treatment-sohu-rolling.html
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